06.11.2026

9.3.1. Number of university spin-offs

University knowledge translated into enterprise activity

Bukhara State University’s enterprise portfolio spans agricultural biotechnology, materials for textile production, animal-feed technology, software and robotics, economic services and language education. The original institutional report describes three university-associated businesses. The university’s wider 2023 inventory names seven organisations arising from academic intellectual activity, distinguishing three with an institutional ownership interest from four without one. These are historical portfolio figures, not a new count of seven companies established in 2025.

Table 1. Research-linked enterprise portfolio in the university’s 2023 inventory.

BukhSU Scientific Biotechnology and I-Innoturizm

Agricultural and environmental biotechnology

The supplied institutional report describes BukhSU Scientific Biotechnology as a university-founded enterprise applying biological expertise to agriculture and aquaculture. Its activities include cultivation of higher aquatic plants, feed resources for fisheries, biological approaches to wastewater purification, agricultural advice and practical producer training. The same account discusses fish production, agricultural processing and the conservation of biological resources. This is the enterprise’s documented activity profile; no new 2025 production volume or environmental saving is inferred from it.

The university announced the enterprise’s opening on 5 November 2022 together with a mobile laboratory and the Ziyo-Farmer educational and research centre. This links the enterprise to a teaching and research setting. A supplementary company-directory record gives 21 October 2022 as the registration date, meaning that its third anniversary falls in 2025. Current ownership and legal-form descriptions are not retroactively substituted for those in the original university announcement.

Illustration 1. BukhSU Scientific Biotechnology identity from the supplied previous-year report. Archival institutional illustration, not a dated 2025 activity photograph.

Economic expertise, coworking and practical business learning

I-Innoturizm’s profile in the previous report covers accounting and auditing, economic forecasting, marketing, business planning and tourism-sector support. It includes hotel and tour-operator financial systems, staff training, start-up assistance and advice on international reporting practices. These services connect the university’s economics and tourism expertise with enterprise needs.

Its public opening with the MY OFFICE coworking centre was announced on 31 January 2023. The announcement describes student participation, incubation and acceleration. Because I-Innoturizm already appears in the 2022 inventory, the later ceremony is not used as its incorporation date.

A 2025 official-channel promotion provides a further operational example: the enterprise offered accounting classes at the university coworking centre, covering introductory accounting, 1C, UzAsbo and tax reporting. This supports continuing service activity, but course fees are teaching/service income and are not included in indicator 9.4.1. The archive places the notice in April 2025; an exact event day is not assigned.

BukhSU Rainmaker: language education and linguistic expertise

BukhSU Rainmaker represents a knowledge-transfer route in the humanities and education. The supplied report describes research-informed language instruction, new teaching and assessment approaches, translation and editing, guide-interpreter services, copywriting and seasonal language programmes. It also describes provision for learners from socially disadvantaged families and people with visual impairments or other disabilities. These are reported institutional service objectives, not newly measured 2025 beneficiary totals.

The university includes Rainmaker in its 2023 university-interest portfolio. A regional State Assets Management Agency list dated 1 March 2024 identifies the legal entity under taxpayer number 310255286. The ownership list is dated background evidence: it is not used as a certificate of trading throughout 2025 or as a source of an unstated incorporation date.

In methodological terms, language services may embody university-derived pedagogy, assessment methods or other intellectual outputs. Their relevance to 9.3.1 lies in that institutional origin. Ordinary course provision alone does not establish all spin-off conditions, and its commercial value does not turn tuition or translation fees into industrial research funding.

Production-oriented and digital enterprises

Photograph 2. Rainmaker language-course advertisement from the previous-year report. Archival photographic material; no 2025 enrolment, turnover or event date is inferred.

Novator chorvador and Sharq Business Solution

The university’s project account of 11 February 2022 records licensing relationships with Novator chorvador for granulated compound feed and Sharq Business Solution for resource-saving polymer sizing compositions used in textiles. It reports 2021 public project allocations of UZS 454.0 million and UZS 492.4 million respectively. These records provide specific university-to-enterprise transfer histories. The amounts are historical public allocations, not 2025 private-sector research receipts.

The later implementation register identifies the receiving firms and research applications. Its entries also link microalgae applications to Chlorella Excel Group, an educational blockchain/AI platform to Robots and Me, and Arduino construction kits and an assembly-teaching method to Robokit. These named applications are more specific than a generic statement that the university cooperates with industry.

The analysis distinguishes the object transferred from the financial transaction. A licensed process can substantiate knowledge transfer, while its licensing fee remains outside 9.4.1. A producer receiving research results is not automatically an additional university spin-off. Similarly, an exhibition project, laboratory or university course is not counted as a registered company.

Dated evidence of enterprise activity during 2025

Robokit: research implementation recorded in July 2025

Two public Higher Attestation Commission notices add reference-year evidence to Robokit’s historical portfolio entry. A notice concerning research undertaken at BukhSU cites a Robokit certificate dated 4 July 2025 for the use of functional-literacy assessment recommendations in the Arduino-based DIY construction-kit project. The reported application connects technical learning with reading instructions and drawings, reasoning and collaborative project work.

A second notice, concerning ecological competence, cites Robokit certificate No. 17 dated 26 July 2025 and reports the use of recommendations within the same construction-kit and teaching-method project. These are later public descriptions of specifically dated 2025 implementation records. The underlying signed certificates were not supplied; the source is identified as the public notice, not as an original certificate inspected for this report.

Robots and Me: international robotics participation

The official university channel reports that the Robots and Me centre’s Robokidz_Future team, led by a BukhSU academic, participated in the WRO International Final 2025 in Singapore on 26–28 November. This provides a dated 2025 example of the centre’s operation and technical-learning activity. It is not used as evidence of a competition result, customer turnover or research payment that the announcement does not disclose.

Table 2. Reference-year activity identified in the reviewed public record.

The two Robokit notices concern different research applications in one enterprise and do not create two companies. The Robotics centre announcement is considered alongside the university’s company inventory, rather than assuming that every named centre is a separate legal entity. These distinctions prevent double counting.

Formation chronology and the 2025 spin-off count

Table 3. Formation, institutional origin and reference-year activity are separate tests.

The directory entries are supplementary, non-official sources. They contain section-specific update dates, including 2024 ratings and later 2026 company information; the retrieval date is not treated as a 2025 status date. Only their stated formation dates are used in this chronology.

Institutional result under 9.3.1

The university has a documented seven-enterprise historical portfolio, and the reviewed material now adds specific 2025 activity for three of its named organisations. The strongest reference-year cases in the assembled record are Robokit and Robots and Me, where an earlier formation date can be read alongside university-originated work and dated 2025 activity. This is a finding about the available documentation, not a claim that the university had only two spin-offs. A complete institution-wide count satisfying every THE condition is not stated in the sources reviewed. The report therefore preserves the portfolio and company-level records without replacing the required 2025 count with an assumed seven.

9.4.1. Research income from industry and commerce per academic staff

Criterion

Report gross income received by the university during 2025 from industrial and commercial organisations specifically to fund research, and academic staff in annual full-time equivalents in the same year. Both inputs are disaggregated into STEM; Medicine; and Arts & Humanities / Social Sciences. THE applies purchasing-power-parity adjustment, subject weighting and normalisation; the indicator carries 38.40% of the SDG 9 score.

The supplied methodology excludes government and charity funding, tuition, general institutional receipts, donations and investments, commercialisation proceeds, royalties, licensing and consultancy fees, research-facility and infrastructure funding, separate affiliate-company income, and funding for incubation or start-up programmes. These exclusions apply even when the proceeds are subsequently used for research.

Report

Research cooperation and project activity reported in 2025

The university’s September 2025 anniversary proceedings provide an in-year account of cooperation with organisations and industrial enterprises. They report 280 innovation–corporate cooperation agreements and UZS 1,112.0 million received by the university, alongside 13 projects under implementation with a stated combined value of UZS 2,093.6 million. The publication concerns the elapsed part of 2025 at the 9–10 September conference, not the final annual closing.

Table 4. Published 2025 cooperation statistics, preserved in their original scope.

These figures demonstrate an active relationship between academic work and external organisations. They measure two different financial concepts: realised cooperation receipts and the stated value of a project portfolio. They are therefore reported separately and not added into a single research-income figure.

For 9.4.1, the relevant portion of cooperation receipts must meet three conditions together: the payer is industrial or commercial, the payment directly funds university research, and the receipt belongs to 2025. The source does not provide the full-year subject-by-subject division needed for that narrower numerator. No assumed commercial share or allocation in proportion to staff numbers is imposed.

Research applications and innovation presented during 2025

InnoWeek–2025: university-developed solutions

The official university channel identifies five groups of BukhSU developments shown at InnoWeek–2025. The national ministry’s account places the event at the CAEx complex on 9–11 October 2025. The table records the university’s own listed applications rather than the totals for all exhibitors.

Table 5. BukhSU developments identified in its InnoWeek–2025 announcement.

The exhibition supplies dated evidence that university-developed solutions were being presented to an external innovation audience. It is not a sales ledger, product-certification file or declaration of research payments. The medication-monitoring device is not automatically assigned to Medicine: its research contract and academic content would determine whether the relevant activity is medical, engineering or cross-disciplinary.

Student innovation within the same 2025 programme

An official ministry item republished by the university reports that BukhSU student Jahongir Nazarov developed ecological paper and received the “Innovative Ideas Leader” award during InnoWeek–2025. This is a dated example of student participation in innovation. The announcement does not establish a registered spin-off, industrial-scale production, a measured emissions saving or a university research-income receipt, so none is assigned to the award.

Linking presentation, implementation and finance

Taken together with the dated Robokit implementation records and the November robotics participation described under 9.3.1, the 2025 material covers different stages of innovation: applying research recommendations, demonstrating technologies and developing technical capability. These stages can support later commercial research partnerships, but each has its own evidence and accounting treatment. A displayed prototype, a training activity and a commissioned research project should not be counted as the same output.

The report therefore presents 2025 demonstrations as substantive activity while reserving the income numerator for qualifying receipts. National exhibition-wide participation and contract totals are not attributed to BukhSU. Subsequent 2026 announcements are not used to enlarge the reference-year financial total.

 Financial context and the research-income boundary

The supplied annual financial statement, dated 1 January 2026, records 2025 financial performance. Its main income statement is denominated in UZS, not thousands of UZS. The figures below preserve the institution-wide accounting categories and distinguish them from the narrower research-income measure.

Table 6. Main annual financial-performance statement, 2025.

State financing and tuition dominate these accounting totals, but both are expressly excluded from 9.4.1. The development-fund label does not establish that all receipts are industrial research payments. Likewise, income earned by a spin-off belongs to a separate legal entity unless a qualifying payment to the university is separately recorded. The annual accounts establish financial scale; the research-contract and receipt records establish the indicator-specific classification.

Use of the previous-year sample

The supplied sample describes a 2024 portfolio of state scientific and technical projects, scientific ideas and a Future Scientist start-up. It gives a project total of UZS 1,958.1 million and subject amounts of UZS 595.5 million for STEM and UZS 1,593.6 million for humanities/social sciences. The two components sum to UZS 2,189.1 million, UZS 231.0 million above the stated total. These source figures are retained as historical information; the discrepancy is not silently corrected or carried into 2025.

The new account consequently does not rename public grants as commercial research income, repeat the sample’s project value as a 2025 receipt, or calculate growth between unlike periods. The 2024 portfolio, September 2025 cooperation account and full-year 2025 financial statement are distinct records with different coverage. This separation is necessary for a report that follows the supplied methodology.

No sum is formed from the cumulative first-, second- and third-quarter statements and the year-end statement: the annual closing already covers the financial year. Separate fund schedules are also not automatically consolidated without establishing their accounting scope.

 Academic staffing: independent recalculation of the 2025 register

The supplied “academic staff 2025.xls” is an HTML-format staffing export. Its relevant fields identify the organisational unit, actual occupational role, appointment fraction, start/end dates and primary or secondary employment type. The file was parsed and aggregated for this report without reproducing names, personnel codes, telephone numbers or individual employment records.

The full register contains 2,138 appointments with a total of 1,746.55 recorded rates across academic and non-academic functions. The departmental academic-role selection comprises 1,250 appointments summing to 919.80 rates. These are appointment records and fractional establishment values, not 1,250 unique employees or an automatically time-weighted annual FTE return.

Table 7. Departmental academic appointments selected by actual role.

Table 8. Employment forms within the same departmental academic selection.

The selection includes teaching assistants/assistant lecturers because their recorded role is instructional, not a research-assistant support role. An administrative post is not counted as academic merely because its title mentions a doctorate or professorial qualification. Technical laboratory, office and general support roles are excluded from this departmental selection.

 Subject allocation and the annual-FTE definition

The subject grouping uses the departments in the 2025 register and the broad areas in the methodology. Natural sciences, mathematics, computing, engineering and agricultural sciences are mapped to STEM; languages, humanities, economics, law, psychology and education to Arts & Humanities / Social Sciences. Sports departments are mapped provisionally to the Sport Science area under STEM. This department-level convention does not replace individual allocation where teaching is in sports pedagogy or another different subject.

Table 9. Departmental subject allocation of the recorded appointment rates.

Separate treatment of joint programmes and a museum research post

The Joint Educational Programmes Coordination unit does not identify one subject through its name. Its 19 academic appointments, totalling 9.50 rates, are therefore retained as unallocated rather than automatically included in humanities/social sciences. This preserves the original establishment total while avoiding an unsupported subject assignment.

A further post in the Museum unit is titled “Ilmiy xodim” (research employee) and carries a rate of 1.00. It is reported separately from the departmental teaching selection. It must not disappear merely because it is outside a department; equally, the title alone does not establish its academic-post status, subject allocation and research workload. The combined departmental-plus-research-designated pool is 1,251 appointments and 920.80 recorded rates, of which the additional museum post remains separately identified.

From appointment fractions to annual full-time equivalents

THE defines staff FTE as annual hours worked divided by the annual hours of a full-time person. A current 1.00 appointment that started part-way through 2025 is therefore not automatically 1.00 annual FTE. Conversely, an employee’s earlier appointment may need to be included even when the export shows only the latest position. The supplied rates are kept as snapshot establishment statistics because the complete annual sequence of workloads and hours is not available in the export.

Annual FTE for a staff member = qualifying hours worked in 2025 ÷ standard full-time annual hours. Subject totals must use the corresponding allocated academic hours. Multiple internal appointments require a consistent workload reconciliation rather than counting each row as a new person.

No separate medical teaching department is identifiable in this extract. That does not establish zero medical research or zero medical research income. Medicine remains a required reporting category, and cross-disciplinary projects are classified from their actual research content.

 Department-level academic staffing schedule

The following schedule provides the calculation trail without disclosing personal data. Department titles are translated from the 2025 export, not replaced by organisational names introduced in later years. AHSS means Arts & Humanities / Social Sciences. The figures are appointment counts and rate sums, not annual-hours FTE.

Table 10. Departmental academic appointments, entries 1–18.

* Sports deprtments use the stated analytical STEM convention. Their final annual subject allocation should follow actual academic ,distinguishing sport science from education and other subject content. The method is described on the preceding page.

Department-level academic staffing schedule — continued

Table 11. Departmental academic appointments, entries 19–35.

The Museum research-employee post (one appointment, 1.00 rate) is outside this departmental table and is separately identified in the preceding staffing analysis. It is not silently allocated to an academic subject.

These calculations replace reliance on the old sample’s 233 STEM and 448 humanities/social-science FTE. The previous figures are historical values with a different reporting basis; they are not treated as a directly comparable baseline for a workforce growth rate.

Indicator calculation and consolidated 2025 findings

The three required subject calculations

For each subject area, the required ratio is eligible 2025 industry/commerce research income divided by 2025 annual academic FTE in that same area. THE then applies its own PPP treatment, subject weighting and normalisation. A report should not replace these inputs with all university income, the turnover of associated companies or a staffing-proportional allocation of a pooled cooperation total.

Table 12. Required reporting inputs and the information assembled for 2025.

The 9.50 joint-programme rates and the separate 1.00 museum research-designated post are kept visible outside automatic subject assignment. No final PPP-adjusted ratio or THE score is calculated from these incomplete annual inputs.

Institutional findings

The 2025 evidence strengthens the institutional account in three ways. First, the historical enterprise portfolio can now be supplemented with specifically dated operation or research-implementation activity rather than only older launch descriptions. Second, the reference-year research and cooperation figures can be read alongside named innovations shown during the year. Third, the staffing export supports an independently reproducible departmental analysis instead of a simple carry-forward of the previous report’s academic totals.

BukhSU’s contribution is therefore demonstrated through a combination of university-originated enterprise activity, practical research applications, external cooperation and a broad academic base. These are meaningful results even where their financial or legal categories differ from a specific ranking input. The report preserves those distinctions so that innovation achievements are described fully without converting public grants, teaching fees or a prototype demonstration into industrial research income.

Reference-year and illustration note

The quantitative reference period is 2025. Historical sources explain formation and continuity; later public notices are used only where they explicitly describe dated 2025 records. The photographs and logo embedded in this document come from the supplied previous-year report and are labelled as archival illustrations. They are not presented as photographs of newly researched 2025 events. No external image-loading fields or placeholder photographs are used.

Data integrity and calculation trail

Departmental totals were recomputed from the staffing export. Record counts and rate sums were reconciled across academic-role groups, employment forms and department groupings. Annual financial amounts retain the source’s currency unit. Every table distinguishes source figures from calculations or classification decisions. A missing eligible-income figure is not replaced with zero, an estimate or the budget of a publicly funded project.

This report covers the two data-submission indicators present in the uploaded SDG 9 extract: 9.3.1 and 9.4.1. It does not invent results for research-publication or patent-citation indicators outside that extract. Bibliographic identifiers are provided instead of active hyperlinks. Public-source review completed on 4 November 2026.