|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
한국인
|
日本
|
Al Beruni is a great scholar of Khorezm, the author of encyclopedic works on history, geography, philology, astronomy, mathematics, geodesy, mineralogy, pharmacology, geology and many other subjects. Beruni was the first in the Middle East to determine that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
It would not be an exaggeration to say that Beruni was a true encyclopedist of the medieval East. The American historian Dj. Sarton said about the great scientist: "Astronomy and mathematics, astrology and geography, anthropology and ethnography, archeology and philosophy, botany and mineralogy would have been impoverished without his great name."
His full name is Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni. He was born on September 4, 973 in Kot, the ancient capital of Khorezm. Little is known about Beruni's early life, only that he was an orphan. Because of his big nose, he was called "Nosy". However, under his unsightly exterior, a shrewd mind is hidden, and his vizier and cousin, Khorezmshah of Iraq, falls under the eye. In his old age, Beruni wrote: "... the Iraqi family gave me bread and tea and took me among the people..."
He was an excellent mathematician and philosopher. Beruni's first teacher was Abu Nasr Mansur ibn Iraq al-Jadi, the author of basic works on astronomy, mathematics and trigonometry.
According to Beruni, everything in nature changes based on the laws of nature, and these laws can be understood only with the help of science. His main works were devoted to mathematics and astronomy, and were written about irrigation and trade trips, which were of great practical importance in the economic life of Khorezm.
At that time, the issues before the science of astronomy consisted of perfecting the chronicle and determining the location of the Earth through the stars in the sky. It was important to be able to determine the exact positions of the Sun and the Moon in the sky, and to measure astronomical constants such as the inclination of the ecliptic to the equator, the length of the solar and sidereal years, and others. This, in turn, required tools to define the development of mathematics, in particular plane and spherical trigonometry on the one hand, and more precisely on the other.
Beruni's achievements in these fields served as an unparalleled achievement for several centuries. Beruni determined the radius of the Earth almost exactly based on its circular shape (more than 6000 km). Beruni adopted the progressive ideas of ancient Greek and ancient Indian philosophers on the basis of some astronomical problems and improved them: he approved the same fiery nature of the Sun and stars, unlike the dark bodies, that is, the planets; determined the movement of the stars and determined their gigantic size in relation to the Earth; He studied the gravity of the earth. The Sun does not revolve around the Earth, but the Earth revolves around it confirmed and put an end to all doubts about the approval of Ptolemy's world geocentric system.
He explained that sunrise and sunset are caused by the emission of dust particles from the rays of the sun hidden behind the horizon. "Smoke-like" nature said about the bright freshness that appears around (Sun's crown) during a solar eclipse. Beruni developed astronomical methods of geodetic measurements. 600 years before V. Snellius, he proposed the method of trigonometric measurement of distance. He perfected the main astronomical instruments used in those times (astrolabe, quadrant, sextant).
