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Mirza Muhammad ibn Shahrukh ibn Temur Ulugbek Quragani (1394-1449) was a great astronomer and mathematician, famous scholar of his time, statesman, grandson of the famous ruler and master Amir Temur, who ruled Movaraunnahr from 1441 to 1449.
Ulugbek (Muhammad Taragay) was born on March 22, 1394 in the city of Sultaniye in present-day Azerbaijan.
In 1405, after the death of the great master, who created a vast empire covering the entire territory of the Near and Middle East, from Central Mediterranean to North India, with the exception of Central Asia, all the inherited property clay and passes on to grandchildren. At the head of the Timurid kingdom sat Shahrukh, the son of Timur, who was elected at the residence of Herat.
The rule of Mavaraunnahr was handed over to Ulugbek, the eldest son of Shahrukh, the grandson of Amir Temur. In 1409, Ulugbek was proclaimed governor of Samarkand, and after the death of his father Shahrukh, in 1447 he became the head of the Timurid dynasty.
As a young man, Ulugbek showed great interest in science and art, especially mathematics and astronomy. The rich library that his father and grandfather amassed became the basis for his expansion of his intellectual outlook, where he spent much of his time.
Ulugbek was very well educated at that time. He had a great memory, was fluent in Arabic and Persian, was well versed in Turkish poetry, literary styles, and participated in literary debates. He also wrote poetry. Ulugbek's mentor was a well-known scientist, the famous mathematician and astronomer of the Timurid court, Qazizoda Rumi. He showed nine-year-old Ulugbek the ruins of a famous observatory in Maragha. This is exactly what he did in his youth
his memories may have determined the future of the future astronomer. During the reign of Ulugbek, Samarkand became one of the centers of science in the Middle Ages. In Samarkand, in the first half of the 15th century, around Ulugbek, a whole scientific school was established, uniting such well-known astronomers and mathematicians as Giyosiddin Jamshid Kashi, Qazizoda Rumi, Ali Kushchi. At that time, Samarkand was inhabited by historian Hafiz Abru, who wrote a wonderful work on the history of Central Asia, the famous physician Mavlono Nefis, poets Sirojiddin Samarkandi, Sakkoki, Lutfi, Badakhshi and others. They were the forerunners of their time, believing in the power of the human mind and science.
In 1417-1420, Ulugbek built a madrasah in Samarkand and became the first architectural ensemble in Registan. Ulugbek invites many astronomers and mathematicians from the Islamic world to this madrasa. The other two madrassas were built in Gijduvan and Bukhara. Ulugbek
The madrassas built by the university served as a university. The inscription on the roof of the madrasah built by Ulugbek in Bukhara reads, "The pursuit of knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim."
But Ulugbek's greatest passion was astronomy. The meaning of Ulugbek's life and astronomers such as Qazizadeh Rumi, Jamshid Giyosiddin al Kashi, and Ali Qushchi inspired the construction of the observatory.
According to research scientists, the construction of the observatory was completed in 1428-1429. The observatory was a unique building of its time. The rocky foothills of Kuhak Hill have been selected for the earthquake-resistant building.
The main instrument - the sextant (angle gauge) - is designed along the meridian lines from south to north. In addition to the main instrument, the observatory had other astronomical instruments.
