Alisher Navoi

Alisher Navoi (1441-1501) - a great poet and thinker, statesman. His full name is Nizamiddin Mir Alisher. Under the pseudonym Navoi, he wrote in Chigatay (or Uzbek) and in Persian (in Persian). It is the largest representative of Uzbek literature in the West. In general, there is no such great person among all the Turkic peoples.
From a young age Navoi was friends with the future ruler of Khorasan (Transoxania) Hussein Boykaro (1469-1506). He started writing poems at the age of 10-12. According to the historian Khandamir (1473 (76) -1534), a contemporary of Navoi, the famous Uzbek poet Lutfi (1369-1465) met Navoi in his old age and expressed his poetic talent. appreciates.
Throughout his life, Navoi visited various countries of the Muslim East, met with celebrities of his time. Improves his poetic skills. From 1464 to 1465, fans of Navoi's works prepared his first collection of poems (devons). It is obvious that Navoi became a famous poet at that time. Until 1469, due to internal conflicts between the Timurids, Navoi was forced to live far from his native city of Herat.
In 1469, Timurid Hussein Bayqara conquered Herat and became the ruler of Khorasan. From this time, a new phase of Navoi's life began. He is actively involved in the political life of the country. In the same year, the ruler of Khorasan appointed Navoi as the state seal, and in 1472 he became a minister. Through his career, he has made a significant contribution to the cultural and scientific development of the country. Becomes the owner of a large property.
In 1480 in the city of Herat and other regions at his own expense several madrasas, 40 rabots (stations for passengers), 17 mosques, 10 Sufi dwellings (khanaqah), 9 baths, 9 bridges and builds others. However, the palace officials do not like Navoi's activities and break off relations with Hussein Boykaro through various conspiracies.
Thus, Navoi was relieved of his post and in 1487 was sent to Astrobod as a ruler. Here he serves two years. This period is over
When he arrived, H. Boykaro allowed him to return to Herat and hold a position in power. But Navoi rejects the offer. Despite the refusal, Boykaro offered the position of a close relative of the sultan ("mukarrabi hazrati sultan"). In this position, Navoi had the right to make decisions in all matters of state.
From this time a new stage of Navoi's life began and he became more creative. Most of his works date back to this period. Navoi lived and worked during the last years of the Timurid rule (1370-1506). Therefore, in his works, the public spirit, the important problems of the time prevail. From 1490 to 1501, Navoi created the most elegant, socio-philosophical and scientific works.
Alisher Navoi's work is huge. The volume of the six epics is about 60,000 verses. From 1483 to 1485, Navoi created the work "Hamsa", which includes five epics: "Hayrat ul-Abror" ("Surprise of good people"), "Farhod and Shirin", "Layli and Majnun", "Sab`ai Sayyar" ("Seven Planets"), "Saddi Iskandariy" ("Alexander's Wall").
Navoi's "Hamsa" is the first work in this genre in the Turkish language. He proved that such a large-scale work could be created in the Turkish language. Indeed, Navoi tried to prove that it was possible to create a work in the Chigatay language (old Uzbek) that was on a par with Persian-Tajik literature. And he managed to do it through his five treasures.
Navoi tries his hand at almost all genres of the Muslim East and can show that he has his own voice, his own style. There are more than 120 "Layla and Majnun" in Oriental literature
epic created. Navoi also writes an epic on this topic with his personal approach. The story tells about the love between Layla and Majnun. In his statement, Navoi tried to interpret the love of humanity and Sufism. Navoi also expressed his Sufi views in the epics "Farkhod and Shirin", "Hayrat ul-Abror". In his epics, the theme of Sufism has risen to the level of general philosophy.
In these epics, at the same time, the current problems of the world are posed through the poet's humanistic worldview. In two other epics in Hamsa - "Sab`ai sayyar" ("Seven planets"), "Saddi Iskandariy" ("Iskandar wall") problems with the ruler (Qayumov A. Saddi Iskandariy. Tashkent, 1980, o. In the Uzbek language).
It is known that Navoi was close to the Timurid palace and was able to influence his friend and king Hussein Boykaro. Therefore, in these epics, Navoi expressed the ideas of H. Boykara: the variability of the world and the royal throne; obligations of the ruler to his people ... In terms of its traditions, Navoi is distinguished by its social and political determination and originality. Abd ar-Rahman Jami (1414-1492) read Navoi's Hamsa and praised it very highly.
Due to its social and artistic nature, Navoi's "Hamsa" has a high status in Central Asia. It has been relocated many times. Today there is a large list of "Hamsa" or his epics. In the fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruni alone there are 166 manuscripts copied in the XV-XX centuries, which make up the whole work "Hamsa" or his separate epics. 84 of them are complete
in the form of an epic. The size and popularity of Navoi's Hamsa show that it has a special place in the intellectual life of Central Asia.
Throughout his life, Alisher Navoi combined literary works with politics. Being a high-ranking official, he made a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the country; He sponsored the development of science, art and art, and always strived for peace and harmony. Navoi compiled his poems in Persian under the name "Devoni Foniy". He also wanted to compete with Persian poets. If we count the number of gazelles published in the form of collections, they are 3150. It is no exaggeration to say that Navoi is a leader in the number of poems he has written. Navoi also compiled his Persian poems into two collections, Sittai Zaruriya (Six Necessities) and Fusuli Arbaa (Four Seasons).
Navoi brought Uzbek (Chigatay) literature to a new level through his poetry. Navoi's poetry surpasses his earlier Uzbek literature in the breadth of its subject matter and the diversity of its genres. In poetry, as in the epics, he expressed the current issues of secular and religious, Sufism. Navoi's religious works have also been published: Arbain (Forty Rubaiyat), Munadjat (Prayer to Allah).
A more detailed text of the Sufi prose work "Nasaim al-muhabbat" ("Shabadasi Muhabbat") has been published, which contains information about 750 Sufi sheikhs. Navoi also created scientific works. Among them are works comparing Persian and Turkic languages: "Muhokamat al-lughatayn" ("Bilingual debate"); on the theory of aruz (volume of writing poetry) - "Mezon al-avzan" ("Measurement of volume"), on the theory of the problem genre - (puzzle) "Mufradat".
In addition, he wrote pamphlets on historical topics: "Historical property of Adjam" ("History of the kings of Iran"), "History of the prophets and judges" ("History of the prophets and sages"). He compiled his artistic letters into the collection "Munshaat". His royal works are on the life of Abd Ar-Rahman Jami - "Khamsat al-mutakhayirin", 1494, "Khalati Sayyid Hasan Ardasher" ("Life of Sayyid Hasan Ardasher"), "Khalati Pahlavon Muhammad" ("Life of Pahlavon Muhammad"). .
Alisher Navoi's last work was "Mahbub ul-qulub" (1500). It reflects the poet's latest social and political views.
Throughout his life, Alisher Navoi combined literary works with politics. Being a high-ranking official, he made a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the country; sponsored the development of science, science, art; always strived for peace and harmony.
As we can see, Navoi's heritage is diverse in themes and genres. His works have served the development of Uzbek literature since the 15th century. For centuries, his works have been a source of imitation and inspiration.